{"about":"Brent & Beyond r30: where UK road diesel comes from","built":"2026-10-19","units":"thousand tonnes (kt) unless stated","sources":{"dukes":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/petroleum-chapter-3-digest-of-united-kingdom-energy-statistics-dukes","et":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/oil-and-oil-products-section-3-energy-trends","eurostat":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_ti_oilm/default/table","rac":"https://media.rac.co.uk/diesel-dips-below-2-a-litre","rac_record":"https://www.rac.co.uk/drive/news/fuel-news/diesel-price-hits-record-high/"},"notes":{"home_supply":"UK refinery production supplied to the home market is not published directly; it is shown as UK road diesel production minus road diesel exports (DUKES 3.2). Stock changes and transfers (a few per cent) are not shown, so the stacked total differs slightly from demand.","self_sufficiency":"UK road diesel production divided by UK road diesel demand (DUKES 3.2), before exports.","origin":"Imports by country of origin as recorded: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (product O46711 road diesel, partner = country of origin) for 2008-2017, DESNZ Energy Trends 3.14 for 2018 on. The two sources differ by a few per cent in overlapping years; the Netherlands and Belgium are refining and trading hubs. Before 2008 the origin split is not available here.","split":"Road diesel (white diesel, formerly DERV) is split from gas oil (red diesel) in DESNZ balances only from 2005.","kbd":"Barrels a day use 7.46 barrels per tonne (approximate for diesel).","closures":"Date rule: the year (and month where known) crude oil processing ended, not when the site later stopped as a terminal or specialist plant. Specialist sites that never made road fuel at scale are left out, for example Nynas Dundee (bitumen, closed 2013).","russia":"The UK banned imports of Russian oil products from 5 December 2022; recorded imports of Russian road diesel stopped after June 2022."},"years":[{"year":2005,"refinery_output_kt":{"road_diesel":19055.9,"gas_oil":9429.9},"road_diesel_kt":{"production":19055.9,"exports":1934.7,"home_supply_production_minus_exports":17121.2,"imports":3146.2,"demand":19377.2,"net_imports":1211.5},"self_sufficiency_pct":98.0,"net_import_share_pct":6.0,"demand_kbd":396.0,"production_kbd":389.0,"imports_by_origin_kt":null,"origin_source":null,"origin_total_kt":null},{"year":2006,"refinery_output_kt":{"road_diesel":15821.1,"gas_oil":10215.4},"road_diesel_kt":{"production":15821.2,"exports":1129.7,"home_supply_production_minus_exports":14691.6,"imports":7124.8,"demand":20160.9,"net_imports":5995.1},"self_sufficiency_pct":78.0,"net_import_share_pct":30.0,"demand_kbd":412.0,"production_kbd":323.0,"imports_by_origin_kt":null,"origin_source":null,"origin_total_kt":null},{"year":2007,"refinery_output_kt":{"road_diesel":16138.2,"gas_oil":10164.8},"road_diesel_kt":{"production":16138.3,"exports":1356.9,"home_supply_production_minus_exports":14781.4,"imports":6571.1,"demand":21038.5,"net_imports":5214.2},"self_sufficiency_pct":77.0,"net_import_share_pct":25.0,"demand_kbd":430.0,"production_kbd":330.0,"imports_by_origin_kt":null,"origin_source":null,"origin_total_kt":null},{"year":2008,"refinery_output_kt":{"road_diesel":16350.1,"gas_oil":10566.2},"road_diesel_kt":{"production":16350.4,"exports":2385.3,"home_supply_production_minus_exports":13965.1,"imports":6583.1,"demand":20500.8,"net_imports":4197.8},"self_sufficiency_pct":80.0,"net_import_share_pct":20.0,"demand_kbd":419.0,"production_kbd":334.0,"imports_by_origin_kt":{"United 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ut_kt":97784,"derv_deliveries_mt":5.59,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":12.53},{"year":1977,"refinery_throughput_kt":93615,"derv_deliveries_mt":5.71,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":13.38},{"year":1978,"refinery_throughput_kt":96390,"derv_deliveries_mt":5.88,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":13.19},{"year":1979,"refinery_throughput_kt":97806,"derv_deliveries_mt":6.06,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":13.49},{"year":1980,"refinery_throughput_kt":86341,"derv_deliveries_mt":5.85,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":11.62},{"year":1981,"refinery_throughput_kt":78287,"derv_deliveries_mt":5.55,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":10.93},{"year":1982,"refinery_throughput_kt":77130,"derv_deliveries_mt":5.73,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":10.5},{"year":1983,"refinery_throughput_kt":76876,"derv_deliveries_mt":6.18,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":9.88},{"year":1984,"refinery_throughput_kt":79117,"derv_deliveries_mt":6.76,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":9.92},{"year":1985,"refinery_throughput_kt":78431,"derv_deliveries_mt":7.11,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":9.71},{"year":1986,"refinery_throughput_kt":80155,"derv_deliveries_mt":7.87,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":9.22},{"year":1987,"refinery_throughput_kt":80449,"derv_deliveries_mt":8.47,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":8.51},{"year":1988,"refinery_throughput_kt":85662,"derv_deliveries_mt":9.37,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":8.39},{"year":1989,"refinery_throughput_kt":87669,"derv_deliveries_mt":10.12,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":8.26},{"year":1990,"refinery_throughput_kt":88692,"derv_deliveries_mt":10.65,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":8.03},{"year":1991,"refinery_throughput_kt":92001,"derv_deliveries_mt":10.69,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":8.02},{"year":1992,"refinery_throughput_kt":92334,"derv_deliveries_mt":11.13,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":7.86},{"year":1993,"refinery_throughput_kt":96273,"derv_deliveries_mt":11.81,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":7.78},{"year":1994,"refinery_throughput_kt":93161,"derv_deliveries_mt":12.91,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":7.51},{"year":1995,"refinery_throughput_kt":92743,"derv_deliveries_mt":13.46,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":7.25},{"year":1996,"refinery_throughput_kt":96660,"derv_deliveries_mt":14.37,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":7.65},{"year":1997,"refinery_throughput_kt":97023,"derv_deliveries_mt":14.98,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":7.38},{"year":1998,"refinery_throughput_kt":93797,"derv_deliveries_mt":15.14,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":7.31},{"year":1999,"refinery_throughput_kt":88286,"derv_deliveries_mt":15.51,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":6.73},{"year":2000,"refinery_throughput_kt":88013.3,"derv_deliveries_mt":15.63,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":6.81},{"year":2001,"refinery_throughput_kt":83342.8,"derv_deliveries_mt":16.06,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":6.6},{"year":2002,"refinery_throughput_kt":84783.9,"derv_deliveries_mt":16.93,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.94},{"year":2003,"refinery_throughput_kt":84585.0,"derv_deliveries_mt":17.71,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":6.24},{"year":2004,"refinery_throughput_kt":89820.6,"derv_deliveries_mt":18.51,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.97},{"year":2005,"refinery_throughput_kt":86134.3,"derv_deliveries_mt":19.38,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":6.83},{"year":2006,"refinery_throughput_kt":83213.1,"derv_deliveries_mt":20.16,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":6.31},{"year":2007,"refinery_throughput_kt":81477.2,"derv_deliveries_mt":21.04,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":6.12},{"year":2008,"refinery_throughput_kt":81033.6,"derv_deliveries_mt":20.5,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.63},{"year":2009,"refinery_throughput_kt":75550.6,"derv_deliveries_mt":20.19,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.39},{"year":2010,"refinery_throughput_kt":73542.8,"derv_deliveries_mt":20.86,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.41},{"year":2011,"refinery_throughput_kt":75080.3,"derv_deliveries_mt":20.99,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.03},{"year":2012,"refinery_throughput_kt":71839.1,"derv_deliveries_mt":21.67,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.76},{"year":2013,"refinery_throughput_kt":65971.9,"derv_deliveries_mt":21.93,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.58},{"year":2014,"refinery_throughput_kt":61062.6,"derv_deliveries_mt":22.79,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.12},{"year":2015,"refinery_throughput_kt":61390.8,"derv_deliveries_mt":23.42,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.76},{"year":2016,"refinery_throughput_kt":60395.4,"derv_deliveries_mt":24.54,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.7},{"year":2017,"refinery_throughput_kt":60256.6,"derv_deliveries_mt":24.98,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.72},{"year":2018,"refinery_throughput_kt":58697.2,"derv_deliveries_mt":24.8,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.05},{"year":2019,"refinery_throughput_kt":59218.8,"derv_deliveries_mt":23.49,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":5.15},{"year":2020,"refinery_throughput_kt":48242.6,"derv_deliveries_mt":20.28,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":4.45},{"year":2021,"refinery_throughput_kt":48796.6,"derv_deliveries_mt":21.81,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":4.71},{"year":2022,"refinery_throughput_kt":54826.9,"derv_deliveries_mt":22.66,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":3},{"year":2023,"refinery_throughput_kt":50977.1,"derv_deliveries_mt":22.81,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":2.17},{"year":2024,"refinery_throughput_kt":51610.6,"derv_deliveries_mt":22.7,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":2.21},{"year":2025,"refinery_throughput_kt":48992.1,"derv_deliveries_mt":23.05,"gas_oil_deliveries_mt":1.9}],"closed_refineries":[{"name":"Heysham","operator":"Shell","where":"Lancashire","year":1976,"crude_processing_ended":"1976","capacity":"2.2 Mt a year (1973)","confidence":"reported","reason_as_reported":null,"note":"Refinery from 1948; closure year from Grace's Guide, no contemporaneous source found.","sources":[{"title":"Grace's Guide","url":"https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Heysham_Oil_Refinery"}],"lon":-2.905,"lat":54.03,"ym":"1976"},{"name":"Ellesmere Port","operator":"Burmah","where":"Cheshire","year":1981,"crude_processing_ended":"c. 1981 (closure announced 1980)","capacity":"about 27,000 b/d (1974)","confidence":"reported","reason_as_reported":"Burmah Castrol proposed to close the refinery, with the loss of 1,500 jobs (Hansard, written answer, 8 June 1981). The month crude processing ended was not found.","note":"Capacity as stated in the Commons, 2 April 1974.","sources":[{"title":"Hansard, 8 June 1981","url":"https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1981/jun/08/burmah-castrol-ltd-ellesmere-port"},{"title":"Hansard, 12 January 1981","url":"https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1981/jan/12/paper-and-board-industry"},{"title":"Hansard, 2 April 1974","url":"https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1974/apr/02/burmah-total-refineries-trust-bill-by"}],"lon":-2.89,"lat":53.285,"ym":"1981"},{"name":"Belfast","operator":"BP","where":"Belfast","year":1982,"crude_processing_ended":"1982","capacity":"1.5 Mt a year (1973)","confidence":"reported","reason_as_reported":null,"note":"Opened 1964 and converted to a fuel terminal in 1982 (Oil & Gas Journal, 2016; Fuel Oil News, 2013). One Fuel Oil News article (2014) gives 1981.","sources":[{"title":"Oil & Gas Journal, 2016","url":"https://www.ogj.com/pipelines-transportation/article/17249818/puma-energy-to-buy-bp-fuel-terminal-in-northern-ireland"},{"title":"Fuel Oil News, Sept 2013","url":"https://fueloilnews.co.uk/2013/09/what-is-the-outlook-for-uk-refining/"}],"lon":-5.875,"lat":54.617,"ym":"1982"},{"name":"Isle of Grain (Kent)","operator":"BP","where":"Kent","year":1982,"crude_processing_ended":"August 1982","capacity":"10.9 Mt a year (1973)","confidence":"confirmed","reason_as_reported":"Announced in 1981; reported reasons were lower demand for oil products and surplus refining capacity in Europe.","note":"Part of the site later became the Grain LNG terminal.","sources":[{"title":"BP timeline (Downstream Download)","url":"https://www.downstreamdownload.com/data/refineries-by-owner/bp"},{"title":"Historic England","url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/education/schools-resources/educational-images/bp-oil-refinery-isle-of-grain-kent-2490"}],"lon":0.7,"lat":51.452,"ym":"198208"},{"name":"Milford Haven (Esso)","operator":"Esso","where":"Pembrokeshire","year":1983,"crude_processing_ended":"1983","capacity":"about 180,000 b/d after 1973 expansion","confidence":"confirmed","reason_as_reported":"Esso closed it to concentrate on its Fawley refinery, at a time of surplus refining capacity in Europe.","note":null,"sources":[{"title":"BBC News, 2014","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-26886662"}],"lon":-5.075,"lat":51.708,"ym":"1983"},{"name":"Llandarcy","operator":"BP","where":"Neath Port Talbot","year":1985,"crude_processing_ended":"1985 (last crude units by January 1986)","capacity":"8.3 Mt a year (1973)","confidence":"reported","reason_as_reported":"BP announced in April 1985 that it would cut the refinery back to specialist oil products, citing surplus UK refining capacity. The Angle Bay crude terminal and pipeline closed in 1985.","note":"Specialist products (lubricants) carried on until 1998. That 1998 date is the end of the site, not of crude refining.","sources":[{"title":"Angle local history (Pembrokeshire)","url":"http://www.culturalecology.info/baywatch/baywatch1/otohydra/Angles%20on%20'Angle'/doc/Angles%20on%20-Angle--63.htm"},{"title":"BBC News, 2014","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-26886662"}],"lon":-3.86,"lat":51.645,"ym":"1985"},{"name":"Teesport (Shell)","operator":"Shell","where":"Redcar and Cleveland","year":1989,"crude_processing_ended":"1980s; 1989 given for mothballing (unconfirmed)","capacity":"6.0 Mt a year (1973)","confidence":"unconfirmed","reason_as_reported":null,"note":"Grace's Guide says \"1980s\"; 1989 comes from one secondary source. No contemporaneous source found.","sources":[{"title":"Grace's Guide","url":"https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Teesport_Oil_Refinery"}],"lon":-1.16,"lat":54.59,"ym":"1989"},{"name":"Milford Haven (Gulf)","operator":"Gulf","where":"Pembrokeshire","year":1997,"crude_processing_ended":"1997","capacity":"115,000 b/d","confidence":"confirmed","reason_as_reported":null,"note":"The site later became the Dragon LNG terminal.","sources":[{"title":"BBC News, 2014","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-26886662"}],"lon":-4.99,"lat":51.712,"ym":"1997"},{"name":"Shell Haven","operator":"Shell","where":"Essex","year":1999,"crude_processing_ended":"December 1999 (announced 1998)","capacity":"10 Mt a year (1973); later figures differ","confidence":"confirmed","reason_as_reported":"Shell cited surplus European refining capacity and weak margins (Oil & Gas Journal, 1998).","note":"The site is now the London Gateway port.","sources":[{"title":"Oil & Gas Journal, 1998","url":"https://www.ogj.com/home/article/17225296/shell-slates-1999-closure-of-uk-refinery"}],"lon":0.47,"lat":51.51,"ym":"199912"},{"name":"Teesside (North Tees)","operator":"Petroplus","where":"Stockton-on-Tees","year":2009,"crude_processing_ended":"March 2009 (made permanent 9 Nov 2009)","capacity":"117,000 b/d","confidence":"confirmed","reason_as_reported":"\"Given the current unfavorable market environment and capital expenditures required to maintain refinery operations at Teesside, we have decided to suspend refinery operations\" (Petroplus, 9 Nov 2009).","note":"Crude purchases stopped at the end of March 2009. The site carried on as a terminal and storage depot until Petroplus failed in 2012, which is where the \"2012\" date comes from. Greenergy bought it in 2012.","sources":[{"title":"Bunker Index, 7 May 2009","url":"https://www.bunkerindex.com/news/article.php?article_id=2349"},{"title":"Process Engineering, 9 Nov 2009","url":"https://processengineering.co.uk/article/1313874/teesside-refinery-to"}],"lon":-1.19,"lat":54.625,"ym":"200903"},{"name":"Coryton","operator":"Petroplus","where":"Essex","year":2012,"crude_processing_ended":"6 June 2012","capacity":"about 220,000 b/d","confidence":"confirmed","reason_as_reported":"The owner went into administration on 24 January 2012. The administrators did not accept any offer for it as a going concern and announced on 28 May 2012 that crude refining would end. The site became an import terminal.","note":"The \"2011\" date seen elsewhere is wrong: refining ended on 6 June 2012 (OFT merger decision).","sources":[{"title":"OFT decision (gov.uk)","url":"https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/555de2b4e5274a74ca00002b/Shell.pdf"},{"title":"BBC News, 26 June 2012","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-18600268"}],"lon":0.52,"lat":51.512,"ym":"201206"},{"name":"Milford Haven (Murco)","operator":"Murco (Murphy Oil)","where":"Pembrokeshire","year":2014,"crude_processing_ended":"November 2014","capacity":"135,000 b/d","confidence":"confirmed","reason_as_reported":"An agreed sale to Klesch fell through; Murphy then shut the refinery and kept the site as a storage terminal. Puma Energy bought it in 2015.","note":null,"sources":[{"title":"BBC News, Nov 2014","url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-29908632"},{"title":"Reuters, Nov 2014","url":"https://www.reuters.com/article/markets/commodities/corrected-update-2-uk-milford-haven-refinery-sale-fails-plant-to-be-dismantled-idUSL6N0SU5XH/"}],"lon":-5.06,"lat":51.7,"ym":"201411"},{"name":"Grangemouth","operator":"Petroineos","where":"Falkirk","year":2025,"crude_processing_ended":"29 April 2025","capacity":"about 150,000 b/d","confidence":"confirmed","reason_as_reported":"Petroineos said the refinery was losing about US$500,000 a day and could not compete with larger, more modern refineries in the Middle East, Africa and Asia. The site is now an import terminal.","note":null,"sources":[{"title":"Reuters, 29 Apr 2025","url":"https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/crude-processing-ends-scotlands-grangemouth-oil-refinery-2025-04-29/"},{"title":"BBC News, 29 Apr 2025","url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cm24jlm08y9o"}],"lon":-3.687,"lat":56.02,"ym":"202504"},{"name":"Lindsey","operator":"Prax (Total until 2021)","where":"North Lincolnshire","year":2025,"crude_processing_ended":"end of July 2025","capacity":"113,000 b/d","confidence":"confirmed","reason_as_reported":"Its owner became insolvent on 30 June 2025. The Official Receiver found \"no credible offers\" for the refinery as a whole (written statement, 22 July 2025). Phillips 66 agreed to buy the site assets on 5 January 2026.","note":"Refined products continued to be sold for some weeks after crude processing stopped.","sources":[{"title":"Written ministerial statement HCWS882","url":"https://www.parallelparliament.co.uk/debate/2025-07-22/commons/written-statements/prax-lindsey-oil-refinery/ministerial-extracts"},{"title":"Insolvency Service, 5 Jan 2026","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/update-prax-lindsey-oil-refinery-limited-and-associated-companies"}],"lon":-0.257,"lat":53.64,"ym":"202507"}],"operating_refineries_2026":[{"name":"Fawley","operator":"ExxonMobil (Esso)","mt_per_year":13.3},{"name":"Humber","operator":"Phillips 66","mt_per_year":11.9},{"name":"Pembroke","operator":"Valero","mt_per_year":10.8},{"name":"Stanlow","operator":"Essar (EET Fuels)","mt_per_year":10.2},{"name":"Eastham (specialist, bitumen)","operator":"Eastham Refinery Ltd","mt_per_year":1.2},{"name":"Harwich (specialist)","operator":"Haltermann Carless","mt_per_year":"<1.0"}],"pump_price":{"record_p_per_litre":200.01,"record_date":"2026-10-02","latest_p_per_litre":199.9,"latest_date":"2026-10-09","before_p_per_litre":142.38,"before_date":"2026-02-28","source":"RAC Fuel Watch (UK average pump price)","url":"https://media.rac.co.uk/diesel-dips-below-2-a-litre"}}