Where Europe's gas comes from
In 2025 the EU-27 imported 342.1 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural gas from outside the EU (3 672 TWh), 43% of it as LNG. Norway supplied 92.0 bcm (27%), almost all by pipeline, and the United States 55.4 bcm (16%), all as LNG. Russia's reported share fell from 23.1% in 2021 to 8.2% in 2025; counting the gas reported via Ukraine, Belarus, Türkiye and Serbia as Russian, the share fell from 44.7% to 14.8%. The UK imported 42.5 bcm in 2025, 29.2 bcm of it by pipeline from Norway and 12.7 bcm as LNG.
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EU-27 imports from outside the EU, 2025 (bcm)
| Partner as reported | Total | Share | of which LNG |
|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | 92.0 | 27% | 2.8 |
| United States | 55.4 | 16% | 55.4 |
| Algeria | 32.8 | 10% | 23.2 |
| Russia | 28.2 | 8% | 12.7 |
| Tunisia (transit) | 20.1 | 6% | |
| Nigeria | 15.7 | 5% | 14.5 |
| Türkiye (transit) | 12.7 | 4% | |
| United Kingdom | 12.3 | 4% | |
| Albania (transit) | 10.0 | 3% | |
| Qatar | 9.7 | 3% | 9.7 |
| Switzerland (transit) | 8.8 | 3% | |
| Serbia (transit) | 7.8 | 2% |
Eurostat nrg_ti_gasm, EU27_2020 importer. Eurostat asks member states for imports by country of origin, but several report the country the gas physically came from: Ukraine, Belarus, Tunisia, Albania, Türkiye, Serbia and Switzerland are transit countries, and gas from the UK is largely Norwegian or regasified LNG. These are flagged, with the likely origin, and never added to the origin country. LNG is credited to the partner the member state reports, normally the country where it was liquefied. LNG re-exported from another EU terminal counts as intra-EU and is excluded from extra-EU figures; re-loaded LNG may still appear under the last loading country. About 21.6 bcm in 2025 was reported with the origin "not specified" (confidential), mostly LNG.
Russia's share since 2021
| Year | Reported as Russia | of which Russian LNG | Upper bound incl. transit | Russia, bcm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 23.1% | 3.4% | 44.7% | 86.3 |
| 2022 | 15.1% | 4.1% | 25.3% | 57.8 |
| 2023 | 8.8% | 5.0% | 18.5% | 30.0 |
| 2024 | 9.0% | 4.5% | 19.9% | 29.0 |
| 2025 | 8.2% | 3.7% | 14.8% | 28.2 |
| 2026 (8 months) | 8.6% | 4.3% | 15.1% | 19.3 |
- 2022-05: Russian gas through the Yamal pipeline (Belarus, Poland) stopped in May 2022 after Polish sanctions on EuRoPol Gaz (Bruegel route data shows near-zero flows from then).
- 2022-09: Nord Stream 1 flows stopped on 31 Aug 2022; explosions damaged Nord Stream 1 and 2 on 26 Sep 2022.
- 2025-01: The Russia-Ukraine transit agreement expired on 31 Dec 2024; flows via Ukraine stopped on 1 Jan 2025. TurkStream is the only Russian pipeline route into the EU since then.
Eurostat by partner, EU-27 extra-EU imports. "Reported as Russia" counts only gas the member states attribute to Russia. "Upper bound" adds gas reported as coming from Ukraine and Belarus (Russian transit until 2022 and 2024), Türkiye and Serbia (TurkStream, which also carries some Azerbaijani gas), so it overstates Russia slightly; the true Russian share lies between the two.
UK, 2025
Imports 42.5 bcm (464 TWh): pipeline 29.8 bcm (Norway 29.2), LNG 12.7 bcm. Exports 12.0 bcm. UK production 29.6 bcm. LNG by origin:
- USA: 9.83 bcm
- Qatar: 0.76 bcm
- Algeria: 0.76 bcm
- Trinidad & Tobago: 0.39 bcm
- Angola: 0.27 bcm
- Nigeria: 0.24 bcm
DESNZ Energy Trends 4.3 (Open Government Licence v3.0). UK figures: DESNZ Energy Trends 4.3 (imports by pipeline and LNG origin) and 4.4 (exports). Physical pipeline flows; LNG by country of origin, cargoes from 2016. Exports to Belgium and the Netherlands are largely re-exported Norwegian gas and regasified LNG.
Gaps and caveats
- Eurostat has no EU partner breakdown for 2020, so the EU series starts in January 2021.
- Intra-EU flows (including re-exported LNG and transit) are excluded by subtracting the sum of the 27 member-state partners; the EU partner aggregate is empty in this dataset.
- Pipeline routes (Nord Stream, Ukraine transit, Yamal, TurkStream, TAP) come from the Bruegel dataset, whose legacy file ends in June 2026. The European Commission's own route split is not published as an open download.
- Map lines are schematic: from an export point to an entry point or to the LNG terminals, not routes.
- 1 bcm is about 10.5–11 TWh (gross calorific value); the TWh figures are the published energy values.
Last updated: (data). Page built 2026-10-19.